/*
 * Licensed to the Apache Software Foundation (ASF) under one
 * or more contributor license agreements.  See the NOTICE file
 * distributed with this work for additional information
 * regarding copyright ownership.  The ASF licenses this file
 * to you under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the
 * "License"); you may not use this file except in compliance
 * with the License.  You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */
package org.apache.hadoop.hbase.client;

import java.io.IOException;
import java.util.ArrayList;
import java.util.Arrays;
import java.util.Collection;
import java.util.Collections;
import java.util.HashMap;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.List;
import java.util.Map;
import java.util.Objects;
import java.util.Optional;
import java.util.Set;
import java.util.TreeMap;
import java.util.TreeSet;
import java.util.function.BiPredicate;
import java.util.function.Function;
import java.util.regex.Matcher;
import java.util.regex.Pattern;
import java.util.stream.Collectors;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.Coprocessor;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.HConstants;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.TableName;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.DeserializationException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.HBaseException;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.rsgroup.RSGroupInfo;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.Bytes;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.util.PrettyPrinter;
import org.apache.yetus.audience.InterfaceAudience;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;

import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.ProtobufUtil;
import org.apache.hadoop.hbase.shaded.protobuf.generated.HBaseProtos;

/**
 * Convenience class for composing an instance of {@link TableDescriptor}.
 * @since 2.0.0
 */
@InterfaceAudience.Public
public class TableDescriptorBuilder {
  public static final Logger LOG = LoggerFactory.getLogger(TableDescriptorBuilder.class);
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String SPLIT_POLICY = "SPLIT_POLICY";
  private static final Bytes SPLIT_POLICY_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(SPLIT_POLICY));
  /**
   * Used by HBase Shell interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes the maximum size
   * of the store file after which a region split occurs.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String MAX_FILESIZE = "MAX_FILESIZE";
  private static final Bytes MAX_FILESIZE_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(MAX_FILESIZE));

  /**
   * Used by rest interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if the table is Read
   * Only.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String READONLY = "READONLY";
  private static final Bytes READONLY_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(READONLY));

  /**
   * Used by HBase Shell interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if the table is
   * compaction enabled.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String COMPACTION_ENABLED = "COMPACTION_ENABLED";
  private static final Bytes COMPACTION_ENABLED_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(COMPACTION_ENABLED));

  /**
   * Used by HBase Shell interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if the table is
   * split enabled.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String SPLIT_ENABLED = "SPLIT_ENABLED";
  private static final Bytes SPLIT_ENABLED_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(SPLIT_ENABLED));

  /**
   * Used by HBase Shell interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if the table is
   * merge enabled.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String MERGE_ENABLED = "MERGE_ENABLED";
  private static final Bytes MERGE_ENABLED_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(MERGE_ENABLED));

  /**
   * Used by HBase Shell interface to access this metadata attribute which represents the maximum
   * size of the memstore after which its contents are flushed onto the disk.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE = "MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE";
  private static final Bytes MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE));

  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String FLUSH_POLICY = "FLUSH_POLICY";
  private static final Bytes FLUSH_POLICY_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(FLUSH_POLICY));
  /**
   * Used by rest interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if it is a catalog
   * table, either <code> hbase:meta </code>.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String IS_META = "IS_META";
  private static final Bytes IS_META_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(IS_META));

  /**
   * {@link Durability} setting for the table.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String DURABILITY = "DURABILITY";
  private static final Bytes DURABILITY_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes("DURABILITY"));

  /**
   * The number of region replicas for the table.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String REGION_REPLICATION = "REGION_REPLICATION";
  private static final Bytes REGION_REPLICATION_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(REGION_REPLICATION));

  /**
   * The flag to indicate whether or not the memstore should be replicated for read-replicas
   * (CONSISTENCY =&gt; TIMELINE).
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION = "REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION";
  private static final Bytes REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION));

  /**
   * If non-null, the HDFS erasure coding policy to set on the data dir of the table
   */
  public static final String ERASURE_CODING_POLICY = "ERASURE_CODING_POLICY";
  private static final Bytes ERASURE_CODING_POLICY_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(ERASURE_CODING_POLICY));

  private static final String DEFAULT_ERASURE_CODING_POLICY = null;
  /**
   * Used by shell/rest interface to access this metadata attribute which denotes if the table
   * should be treated by region normalizer.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String NORMALIZATION_ENABLED = "NORMALIZATION_ENABLED";
  private static final Bytes NORMALIZATION_ENABLED_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(NORMALIZATION_ENABLED));

  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT = "NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT";
  private static final Bytes NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT));

  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB = "NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB";
  private static final Bytes NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB));
  // TODO: Keeping backward compatability with HBASE-25651 change. Can be removed in later version
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  @Deprecated
  public static final String NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE = "NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE";
  @Deprecated
  private static final Bytes NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE));

  /**
   * Default durability for HTD is USE_DEFAULT, which defaults to HBase-global default value
   */
  private static final Durability DEFAULT_DURABLITY = Durability.USE_DEFAULT;

  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  public static final String PRIORITY = "PRIORITY";
  private static final Bytes PRIORITY_KEY = new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(PRIORITY));

  private static final Bytes RSGROUP_KEY =
    new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(RSGroupInfo.TABLE_DESC_PROP_GROUP));

  /**
   * Relative priority of the table used for rpc scheduling
   */
  private static final int DEFAULT_PRIORITY = HConstants.NORMAL_QOS;

  /**
   * Constant that denotes whether the table is READONLY by default and is false
   */
  public static final boolean DEFAULT_READONLY = false;

  /**
   * Constant that denotes whether the table is compaction enabled by default
   */
  public static final boolean DEFAULT_COMPACTION_ENABLED = true;

  /**
   * Constant that denotes whether the table is split enabled by default
   */
  public static final boolean DEFAULT_SPLIT_ENABLED = true;

  /**
   * Constant that denotes whether the table is merge enabled by default
   */
  public static final boolean DEFAULT_MERGE_ENABLED = true;

  /**
   * Constant that denotes the maximum default size of the memstore in bytes after which the
   * contents are flushed to the store files.
   */
  public static final long DEFAULT_MEMSTORE_FLUSH_SIZE = 1024 * 1024 * 128L;

  public static final int DEFAULT_REGION_REPLICATION = 1;

  public static final boolean DEFAULT_REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION = true;

  private final static Map<String, String> DEFAULT_VALUES = new HashMap<>();
  private final static Set<Bytes> RESERVED_KEYWORDS = new HashSet<>();

  static {
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(MAX_FILESIZE, String.valueOf(HConstants.DEFAULT_MAX_FILE_SIZE));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(READONLY, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_READONLY));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_MEMSTORE_FLUSH_SIZE));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(DURABILITY, DEFAULT_DURABLITY.name()); // use the enum name
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(REGION_REPLICATION, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_REGION_REPLICATION));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(PRIORITY, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_PRIORITY));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.put(ERASURE_CODING_POLICY, String.valueOf(DEFAULT_ERASURE_CODING_POLICY));
    DEFAULT_VALUES.keySet().stream().map(s -> new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(s)))
      .forEach(RESERVED_KEYWORDS::add);
    RESERVED_KEYWORDS.add(IS_META_KEY);
  }

  public static PrettyPrinter.Unit getUnit(String key) {
    switch (key) {
      case MAX_FILESIZE:
      case MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE:
        return PrettyPrinter.Unit.BYTE;
      default:
        return PrettyPrinter.Unit.NONE;
    }
  }

  /**
   * @deprecated namespace table has been folded into the ns family in meta table, do not use this
   *             any more.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  @Deprecated
  public final static String NAMESPACE_FAMILY_INFO = "info";

  /**
   * @deprecated namespace table has been folded into the ns family in meta table, do not use this
   *             any more.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  @Deprecated
  public final static byte[] NAMESPACE_FAMILY_INFO_BYTES = Bytes.toBytes(NAMESPACE_FAMILY_INFO);

  /**
   * @deprecated namespace table has been folded into the ns family in meta table, do not use this
   *             any more.
   */
  @InterfaceAudience.Private
  @Deprecated
  public final static byte[] NAMESPACE_COL_DESC_BYTES = Bytes.toBytes("d");

  /**
   * <pre>
   * Pattern that matches a coprocessor specification. Form is:
   * {@code <coprocessor jar file location> '|' <class name> ['|' <priority> ['|' <arguments>]]}
   * where arguments are {@code <KEY> '=' <VALUE> [,...]}
   * For example: {@code hdfs:///foo.jar|com.foo.FooRegionObserver|1001|arg1=1,arg2=2}
   * </pre>
   */
  private static final Pattern CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PATTERN =
    Pattern.compile("(^[^\\|]*)\\|([^\\|]+)\\|[\\s]*([\\d]*)[\\s]*(\\|.*)?$");

  private static final String CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_KEY_PATTERN = "[^=,]+";
  private static final String CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_VALUE_PATTERN = "[^,]+";
  private static final Pattern CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_PATTERN = Pattern.compile("("
    + CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_KEY_PATTERN + ")=(" + CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_VALUE_PATTERN + "),?");
  private static final Pattern CP_HTD_ATTR_KEY_PATTERN =
    Pattern.compile("^coprocessor\\$([0-9]+)$", Pattern.CASE_INSENSITIVE);

  /**
   * Table descriptor for namespace table
   * @deprecated since 3.0.0 and will be removed in 4.0.0. We have folded the data in namespace
   *             table into meta table, so do not use it any more.
   * @see <a href="https://issues.apache.org/jira/browse/HBASE-21154">HBASE-21154</a>
   */
  @Deprecated
  public static final TableDescriptor NAMESPACE_TABLEDESC =
    TableDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(TableName.NAMESPACE_TABLE_NAME)
      .setColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(NAMESPACE_FAMILY_INFO_BYTES)
        // Ten is arbitrary number. Keep versions to help debugging.
        .setMaxVersions(10).setInMemory(true).setBlocksize(8 * 1024)
        .setScope(HConstants.REPLICATION_SCOPE_LOCAL).build())
      .build();

  private final ModifyableTableDescriptor desc;

  /** Returns This instance serialized with pb with pb magic prefix */
  public static byte[] toByteArray(TableDescriptor desc) {
    if (desc instanceof ModifyableTableDescriptor) {
      return ((ModifyableTableDescriptor) desc).toByteArray();
    }
    return new ModifyableTableDescriptor(desc).toByteArray();
  }

  /**
   * The input should be created by {@link #toByteArray}.
   * @param pbBytes A pb serialized TableDescriptor instance with pb magic prefix
   * @return This instance serialized with pb with pb magic prefix
   * @throws org.apache.hadoop.hbase.exceptions.DeserializationException if an error occurred
   */
  public static TableDescriptor parseFrom(byte[] pbBytes) throws DeserializationException {
    return ModifyableTableDescriptor.parseFrom(pbBytes);
  }

  public static TableDescriptorBuilder newBuilder(final TableName name) {
    return new TableDescriptorBuilder(name);
  }

  public static TableDescriptor copy(TableDescriptor desc) {
    return new ModifyableTableDescriptor(desc);
  }

  public static TableDescriptor copy(TableName name, TableDescriptor desc) {
    return new ModifyableTableDescriptor(name, desc);
  }

  /**
   * Copy all values, families, and name from the input.
   * @param desc The desciptor to copy
   * @return A clone of input
   */
  public static TableDescriptorBuilder newBuilder(final TableDescriptor desc) {
    return new TableDescriptorBuilder(desc);
  }

  private TableDescriptorBuilder(final TableName name) {
    this.desc = new ModifyableTableDescriptor(name);
  }

  private TableDescriptorBuilder(final TableDescriptor desc) {
    this.desc = new ModifyableTableDescriptor(desc);
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setCoprocessor(String className) throws IOException {
    return setCoprocessor(CoprocessorDescriptorBuilder.of(className));
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setCoprocessor(CoprocessorDescriptor cpDesc) throws IOException {
    desc.setCoprocessor(Objects.requireNonNull(cpDesc));
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setCoprocessors(Collection<CoprocessorDescriptor> cpDescs)
    throws IOException {
    for (CoprocessorDescriptor cpDesc : cpDescs) {
      desc.setCoprocessor(cpDesc);
    }
    return this;
  }

  public boolean hasCoprocessor(String classNameToMatch) {
    return desc.hasCoprocessor(classNameToMatch);
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setColumnFamily(final ColumnFamilyDescriptor family) {
    desc.setColumnFamily(Objects.requireNonNull(family));
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder
    setColumnFamilies(final Collection<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> families) {
    families.forEach(desc::setColumnFamily);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder modifyColumnFamily(final ColumnFamilyDescriptor family) {
    desc.modifyColumnFamily(Objects.requireNonNull(family));
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeValue(final String key) {
    desc.removeValue(key);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeValue(Bytes key) {
    desc.removeValue(key);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeValue(byte[] key) {
    desc.removeValue(key);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeValue(BiPredicate<Bytes, Bytes> predicate) {
    List<Bytes> toRemove =
      desc.getValues().entrySet().stream().filter(e -> predicate.test(e.getKey(), e.getValue()))
        .map(Map.Entry::getKey).collect(Collectors.toList());
    for (Bytes key : toRemove) {
      removeValue(key);
    }
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeColumnFamily(final byte[] name) {
    desc.removeColumnFamily(name);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder removeCoprocessor(String className) {
    desc.removeCoprocessor(className);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setCompactionEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
    desc.setCompactionEnabled(isEnable);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setSplitEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
    desc.setSplitEnabled(isEnable);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setMergeEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
    desc.setMergeEnabled(isEnable);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setDurability(Durability durability) {
    desc.setDurability(durability);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setFlushPolicyClassName(String clazz) {
    desc.setFlushPolicyClassName(clazz);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setMaxFileSize(long maxFileSize) {
    desc.setMaxFileSize(maxFileSize);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setMaxFileSize(String maxFileSize) throws HBaseException {
    desc.setMaxFileSize(maxFileSize);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setMemStoreFlushSize(long memstoreFlushSize) {
    desc.setMemStoreFlushSize(memstoreFlushSize);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setMemStoreFlushSize(String memStoreFlushSize)
    throws HBaseException {
    desc.setMemStoreFlushSize(memStoreFlushSize);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setNormalizerTargetRegionCount(final int regionCount) {
    desc.setNormalizerTargetRegionCount(regionCount);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setNormalizerTargetRegionSize(final long regionSize) {
    desc.setNormalizerTargetRegionSize(regionSize);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setNormalizationEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
    desc.setNormalizationEnabled(isEnable);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setPriority(int priority) {
    desc.setPriority(priority);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setReadOnly(final boolean readOnly) {
    desc.setReadOnly(readOnly);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setErasureCodingPolicy(String policy) {
    desc.setErasureCodingPolicy(policy);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setRegionMemStoreReplication(boolean memstoreReplication) {
    desc.setRegionMemStoreReplication(memstoreReplication);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setRegionReplication(int regionReplication) {
    desc.setRegionReplication(regionReplication);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setRegionSplitPolicyClassName(String clazz) {
    desc.setRegionSplitPolicyClassName(clazz);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setValue(final String key, final String value) {
    desc.setValue(key, value);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setValue(final Bytes key, final Bytes value) {
    desc.setValue(key, value);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setValue(final byte[] key, final byte[] value) {
    desc.setValue(key, value);
    return this;
  }

  public String getValue(String key) {
    return desc.getValue(key);
  }

  /**
   * Sets replication scope all & only the columns already in the builder. Columns added later won't
   * be backfilled with replication scope.
   * @param scope replication scope
   * @return a TableDescriptorBuilder
   */
  public TableDescriptorBuilder setReplicationScope(int scope) {
    Map<byte[], ColumnFamilyDescriptor> newFamilies = new TreeMap<>(Bytes.BYTES_RAWCOMPARATOR);
    newFamilies.putAll(desc.families);
    newFamilies.forEach((cf, cfDesc) -> {
      desc.removeColumnFamily(cf);
      desc
        .setColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(cfDesc).setScope(scope).build());
    });
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptorBuilder setRegionServerGroup(String group) {
    desc.setValue(RSGROUP_KEY, group);
    return this;
  }

  public TableDescriptor build() {
    return new ModifyableTableDescriptor(desc);
  }

  private static final class ModifyableTableDescriptor
    implements TableDescriptor, Comparable<ModifyableTableDescriptor> {

    private final TableName name;

    /**
     * A map which holds the metadata information of the table. This metadata includes values like
     * IS_META, SPLIT_POLICY, MAX_FILE_SIZE, READONLY, MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE etc...
     */
    private final Map<Bytes, Bytes> values = new HashMap<>();

    /**
     * Maps column family name to the respective FamilyDescriptors
     */
    private final Map<byte[], ColumnFamilyDescriptor> families =
      new TreeMap<>(Bytes.BYTES_RAWCOMPARATOR);

    /**
     * Construct a table descriptor specifying a TableName object
     * @param name Table name.
     */
    private ModifyableTableDescriptor(final TableName name) {
      this(name, Collections.emptyList(), Collections.emptyMap());
    }

    private ModifyableTableDescriptor(final TableDescriptor desc) {
      this(desc.getTableName(), Arrays.asList(desc.getColumnFamilies()), desc.getValues());
    }

    /**
     * Construct a table descriptor by cloning the descriptor passed as a parameter.
     * <p>
     * Makes a deep copy of the supplied descriptor.
     * @param name The new name
     * @param desc The descriptor.
     */
    private ModifyableTableDescriptor(final TableName name, final TableDescriptor desc) {
      this(name, Arrays.asList(desc.getColumnFamilies()), desc.getValues());
    }

    private ModifyableTableDescriptor(final TableName name,
      final Collection<ColumnFamilyDescriptor> families, Map<Bytes, Bytes> values) {
      this.name = name;
      families.forEach(c -> this.families.put(c.getName(), ColumnFamilyDescriptorBuilder.copy(c)));
      this.values.putAll(values);
      this.values.put(IS_META_KEY,
        new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(Boolean.toString(name.equals(TableName.META_TABLE_NAME)))));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if this table is <code> hbase:meta </code> region.
     * @return true if this table is <code> hbase:meta </code> region
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isMetaRegion() {
      return getOrDefault(IS_META_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, false);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the table is a <code>hbase:meta</code> table
     * @return true if table is <code> hbase:meta </code> region.
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isMetaTable() {
      return isMetaRegion();
    }

    @Override
    public Bytes getValue(Bytes key) {
      Bytes rval = values.get(key);
      return rval == null ? null : new Bytes(rval.copyBytes());
    }

    @Override
    public String getValue(String key) {
      Bytes rval = values.get(new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(key)));
      return rval == null ? null : Bytes.toString(rval.get(), rval.getOffset(), rval.getLength());
    }

    @Override
    public byte[] getValue(byte[] key) {
      Bytes value = values.get(new Bytes(key));
      return value == null ? null : value.copyBytes();
    }

    private <T> T getOrDefault(Bytes key, Function<String, T> function, T defaultValue) {
      Bytes value = values.get(key);
      if (value == null) {
        return defaultValue;
      } else {
        return function.apply(Bytes.toString(value.get(), value.getOffset(), value.getLength()));
      }
    }

    /**
     * Getter for fetching an unmodifiable {@link #values} map.
     * @return unmodifiable map {@link #values}.
     * @see #values
     */
    @Override
    public Map<Bytes, Bytes> getValues() {
      // shallow pointer copy
      return Collections.unmodifiableMap(values);
    }

    /**
     * Setter for storing metadata as a (key, value) pair in {@link #values} map
     * @param key   The key.
     * @param value The value. If null, removes the setting.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     * @see #values
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setValue(byte[] key, byte[] value) {
      return setValue(toBytesOrNull(key, v -> v), toBytesOrNull(value, v -> v));
    }

    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setValue(String key, String value) {
      return setValue(toBytesOrNull(key, Bytes::toBytes), toBytesOrNull(value, Bytes::toBytes));
    }

    /**
     * @param key   The key.
     * @param value The value. If null, removes the setting.
     */
    private ModifyableTableDescriptor setValue(final Bytes key, final String value) {
      return setValue(key, toBytesOrNull(value, Bytes::toBytes));
    }

    /**
     * Setter for storing metadata as a (key, value) pair in {@link #values} map
     * @param key   The key.
     * @param value The value. If null, removes the setting.
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setValue(final Bytes key, final Bytes value) {
      if (value == null || value.getLength() == 0) {
        values.remove(key);
      } else {
        values.put(key, value);
      }
      return this;
    }

    private static <T> Bytes toBytesOrNull(T t, Function<T, byte[]> f) {
      if (t == null) {
        return null;
      } else {
        return new Bytes(f.apply(t));
      }
    }

    /**
     * Remove metadata represented by the key from the {@link #values} map
     * @param key Key whose key and value we're to remove from TableDescriptor parameters.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor removeValue(final String key) {
      return setValue(key, (String) null);
    }

    /**
     * Remove metadata represented by the key from the {@link #values} map
     * @param key Key whose key and value we're to remove from TableDescriptor parameters.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor removeValue(Bytes key) {
      return setValue(key, (Bytes) null);
    }

    /**
     * Remove metadata represented by the key from the {@link #values} map
     * @param key Key whose key and value we're to remove from TableDescriptor parameters.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor removeValue(final byte[] key) {
      return removeValue(new Bytes(key));
    }

    /**
     * Check if the readOnly flag of the table is set. If the readOnly flag is set then the contents
     * of the table can only be read from but not modified.
     * @return true if all columns in the table should be read only
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isReadOnly() {
      return getOrDefault(READONLY_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, DEFAULT_READONLY);
    }

    /**
     * Setting the table as read only sets all the columns in the table as read only. By default all
     * tables are modifiable, but if the readOnly flag is set to true then the contents of the table
     * can only be read but not modified.
     * @param readOnly True if all of the columns in the table should be read only.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setReadOnly(final boolean readOnly) {
      return setValue(READONLY_KEY, Boolean.toString(readOnly));
    }

    /**
     * The HDFS erasure coding policy for a table. This will be set on the data dir of the table,
     * and is an alternative to normal replication which takes less space at the cost of locality.
     * @return the current policy, or null if undefined
     */
    @Override
    public String getErasureCodingPolicy() {
      return getValue(ERASURE_CODING_POLICY);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the HDFS erasure coding policy for the table. This will be propagated to HDFS for the
     * data dir of the table. Erasure coding is an alternative to normal replication which takes
     * less space at the cost of locality. The policy must be available and enabled on the hdfs
     * cluster before being set.
     * @param policy the policy to set, or null to disable erasure coding
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setErasureCodingPolicy(String policy) {
      return setValue(ERASURE_CODING_POLICY_KEY, policy);
    }

    /**
     * Check if the compaction enable flag of the table is true. If flag is false then no
     * minor/major compactions will be done in real.
     * @return true if table compaction enabled
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isCompactionEnabled() {
      return getOrDefault(COMPACTION_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, DEFAULT_COMPACTION_ENABLED);
    }

    /**
     * Setting the table compaction enable flag.
     * @param isEnable True if enable compaction.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setCompactionEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
      return setValue(COMPACTION_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean.toString(isEnable));
    }

    /**
     * Check if the split enable flag of the table is true. If flag is false then no split will be
     * done.
     * @return true if table region split enabled
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isSplitEnabled() {
      return getOrDefault(SPLIT_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, DEFAULT_SPLIT_ENABLED);
    }

    /**
     * Setting the table region split enable flag.
     * @param isEnable True if enable region split.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setSplitEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
      return setValue(SPLIT_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean.toString(isEnable));
    }

    /**
     * Check if the region merge enable flag of the table is true. If flag is false then no merge
     * will be done.
     * @return true if table region merge enabled
     */
    @Override
    public boolean isMergeEnabled() {
      return getOrDefault(MERGE_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, DEFAULT_MERGE_ENABLED);
    }

    /**
     * Setting the table region merge enable flag.
     * @param isEnable True if enable region merge.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setMergeEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
      return setValue(MERGE_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean.toString(isEnable));
    }

    /**
     * Check if normalization enable flag of the table is true. If flag is false then no region
     * normalizer won't attempt to normalize this table.
     * @return true if region normalization is enabled for this table
     **/
    @Override
    public boolean isNormalizationEnabled() {
      return getOrDefault(NORMALIZATION_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean::valueOf, false);
    }

    /**
     * Check if there is the target region count. If so, the normalize plan will be calculated based
     * on the target region count.
     * @return target region count after normalize done
     */
    @Override
    public int getNormalizerTargetRegionCount() {
      return getOrDefault(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT_KEY, Integer::valueOf,
        Integer.valueOf(-1));
    }

    /**
     * Check if there is the target region size. If so, the normalize plan will be calculated based
     * on the target region size.
     * @return target region size after normalize done
     */
    @Override
    public long getNormalizerTargetRegionSize() {
      long target_region_size =
        getOrDefault(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB_KEY, Long::valueOf, Long.valueOf(-1));
      return target_region_size == Long.valueOf(-1)
        ? getOrDefault(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_KEY, Long::valueOf, Long.valueOf(-1))
        : target_region_size;
    }

    /**
     * Setting the table normalization enable flag.
     * @param isEnable True if enable normalization.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setNormalizationEnabled(final boolean isEnable) {
      return setValue(NORMALIZATION_ENABLED_KEY, Boolean.toString(isEnable));
    }

    /**
     * Setting the target region count of table normalization .
     * @param regionCount the target region count.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setNormalizerTargetRegionCount(final int regionCount) {
      return setValue(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_COUNT_KEY, Integer.toString(regionCount));
    }

    /**
     * Setting the target region size of table normalization.
     * @param regionSize the target region size.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setNormalizerTargetRegionSize(final long regionSize) {
      return setValue(NORMALIZER_TARGET_REGION_SIZE_MB_KEY, Long.toString(regionSize));
    }

    /**
     * Sets the {@link Durability} setting for the table. This defaults to Durability.USE_DEFAULT.
     * @param durability enum value
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setDurability(Durability durability) {
      return setValue(DURABILITY_KEY, durability.name());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the durability setting for the table.
     * @return durability setting for the table.
     */
    @Override
    public Durability getDurability() {
      return getOrDefault(DURABILITY_KEY, Durability::valueOf, DEFAULT_DURABLITY);
    }

    /**
     * Get the name of the table
     */
    @Override
    public TableName getTableName() {
      return name;
    }

    /**
     * This sets the class associated with the region split policy which determines when a region
     * split should occur. The class used by default is defined in
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.RegionSplitPolicy
     * @param clazz the class name
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setRegionSplitPolicyClassName(String clazz) {
      return setValue(SPLIT_POLICY_KEY, clazz);
    }

    /**
     * This gets the class associated with the region split policy which determines when a region
     * split should occur. The class used by default is defined in
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.RegionSplitPolicy
     * @return the class name of the region split policy for this table. If this returns null, the
     *         default split policy is used.
     */
    @Override
    public String getRegionSplitPolicyClassName() {
      return getOrDefault(SPLIT_POLICY_KEY, Function.identity(), null);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the maximum size upto which a region can grow to after which a region split is
     * triggered. The region size is represented by the size of the biggest store file in that
     * region.
     * @return max hregion size for table, -1 if not set.
     * @see #setMaxFileSize(long)
     */
    @Override
    public long getMaxFileSize() {
      return getOrDefault(MAX_FILESIZE_KEY, Long::valueOf, (long) -1);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the maximum size upto which a region can grow to after which a region split is
     * triggered. The region size is represented by the size of the biggest store file in that
     * region, i.e. If the biggest store file grows beyond the maxFileSize, then the region split is
     * triggered. This defaults to a value of 256 MB.
     * <p>
     * This is not an absolute value and might vary. Assume that a single row exceeds the
     * maxFileSize then the storeFileSize will be greater than maxFileSize since a single row cannot
     * be split across multiple regions
     * </p>
     * @param maxFileSize The maximum file size that a store file can grow to before a split is
     *                    triggered.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setMaxFileSize(long maxFileSize) {
      return setValue(MAX_FILESIZE_KEY, Long.toString(maxFileSize));
    }

    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setMaxFileSize(String maxFileSize) throws HBaseException {
      return setMaxFileSize(
        Long.parseLong(PrettyPrinter.valueOf(maxFileSize, PrettyPrinter.Unit.BYTE)));
    }

    /**
     * Returns the size of the memstore after which a flush to filesystem is triggered.
     * @return memory cache flush size for each hregion, -1 if not set.
     * @see #setMemStoreFlushSize(long)
     */
    @Override
    public long getMemStoreFlushSize() {
      return getOrDefault(MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE_KEY, Long::valueOf, (long) -1);
    }

    /**
     * Represents the maximum size of the memstore after which the contents of the memstore are
     * flushed to the filesystem. This defaults to a size of 64 MB.
     * @param memstoreFlushSize memory cache flush size for each hregion
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setMemStoreFlushSize(long memstoreFlushSize) {
      return setValue(MEMSTORE_FLUSHSIZE_KEY, Long.toString(memstoreFlushSize));
    }

    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setMemStoreFlushSize(String memStoreFlushSize)
      throws HBaseException {
      return setMemStoreFlushSize(
        Long.parseLong(PrettyPrinter.valueOf(memStoreFlushSize, PrettyPrinter.Unit.BYTE)));
    }

    /**
     * This sets the class associated with the flush policy which determines determines the stores
     * need to be flushed when flushing a region. The class used by default is defined in
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.FlushPolicy.
     * @param clazz the class name
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setFlushPolicyClassName(String clazz) {
      return setValue(FLUSH_POLICY_KEY, clazz);
    }

    /**
     * This gets the class associated with the flush policy which determines the stores need to be
     * flushed when flushing a region. The class used by default is defined in
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.regionserver.FlushPolicy.
     * @return the class name of the flush policy for this table. If this returns null, the default
     *         flush policy is used.
     */
    @Override
    public String getFlushPolicyClassName() {
      return getOrDefault(FLUSH_POLICY_KEY, Function.identity(), null);
    }

    /**
     * Adds a column family. For the updating purpose please use
     * {@link #modifyColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptor)} instead.
     * @param family to add.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setColumnFamily(final ColumnFamilyDescriptor family) {
      if (family.getName() == null || family.getName().length <= 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Family name cannot be null or empty");
      }
      int flength = family.getName() == null ? 0 : family.getName().length;
      if (flength > Byte.MAX_VALUE) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "The length of family name is bigger than " + Byte.MAX_VALUE);
      }
      if (hasColumnFamily(family.getName())) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Family '" + family.getNameAsString() + "' already exists so cannot be added");
      }
      return putColumnFamily(family);
    }

    /**
     * Modifies the existing column family.
     * @param family to update
     * @return this (for chained invocation)
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor modifyColumnFamily(final ColumnFamilyDescriptor family) {
      if (family.getName() == null || family.getName().length <= 0) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException("Family name cannot be null or empty");
      }
      if (!hasColumnFamily(family.getName())) {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Column family '" + family.getNameAsString() + "' does not exist");
      }
      return putColumnFamily(family);
    }

    private ModifyableTableDescriptor putColumnFamily(ColumnFamilyDescriptor family) {
      families.put(family.getName(), family);
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Checks to see if this table contains the given column family
     * @param familyName Family name or column name.
     * @return true if the table contains the specified family name
     */
    @Override
    public boolean hasColumnFamily(final byte[] familyName) {
      return families.containsKey(familyName);
    }

    /** Returns Name of this table and then a map of all of the column family descriptors. */
    @Override
    public String toString() {
      StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
      s.append('\'').append(Bytes.toString(name.getName())).append('\'');
      s.append(getValues(true));
      families.values().forEach(f -> s.append(", ").append(f));
      return s.toString();
    }

    /**
     * @return Name of this table and then a map of all of the column family descriptors (with only
     *         the non-default column family attributes)
     */
    @Override
    public String toStringCustomizedValues() {
      StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();
      s.append('\'').append(Bytes.toString(name.getName())).append('\'');
      s.append(getValues(false));
      families.values().forEach(hcd -> s.append(", ").append(hcd.toStringCustomizedValues()));
      return s.toString();
    }

    /** Returns map of all table attributes formatted into string. */
    public String toStringTableAttributes() {
      return getValues(true).toString();
    }

    private StringBuilder getValues(boolean printDefaults) {
      StringBuilder s = new StringBuilder();

      // step 1: set partitioning and pruning
      Set<Bytes> reservedKeys = new TreeSet<>();
      Set<Bytes> userKeys = new TreeSet<>();
      for (Map.Entry<Bytes, Bytes> entry : values.entrySet()) {
        if (entry.getKey() == null || entry.getKey().get() == null) {
          continue;
        }
        String key = Bytes.toString(entry.getKey().get());
        // in this section, print out reserved keywords + coprocessor info
        if (!RESERVED_KEYWORDS.contains(entry.getKey()) && !key.startsWith("coprocessor$")) {
          userKeys.add(entry.getKey());
          continue;
        }
        // only print out IS_META if true
        String value = Bytes.toString(entry.getValue().get());
        if (key.equalsIgnoreCase(IS_META)) {
          if (Boolean.valueOf(value) == false) {
            continue;
          }
        }
        // see if a reserved key is a default value. may not want to print it out
        if (
          printDefaults || !DEFAULT_VALUES.containsKey(key)
            || !DEFAULT_VALUES.get(key).equalsIgnoreCase(value)
        ) {
          reservedKeys.add(entry.getKey());
        }
      }

      // early exit optimization
      boolean hasAttributes = !reservedKeys.isEmpty() || !userKeys.isEmpty();
      if (!hasAttributes) {
        return s;
      }

      s.append(", {");
      // step 2: printing attributes
      if (hasAttributes) {
        s.append("TABLE_ATTRIBUTES => {");

        // print all reserved keys first
        boolean printCommaForAttr = false;
        for (Bytes k : reservedKeys) {
          String key = Bytes.toString(k.get());
          String value = Bytes.toStringBinary(values.get(k).get());
          if (printCommaForAttr) {
            s.append(", ");
          }
          printCommaForAttr = true;
          s.append(key);
          s.append(" => ");
          s.append('\'').append(PrettyPrinter.format(value, getUnit(key))).append('\'');
        }

        if (!userKeys.isEmpty()) {
          // print all non-reserved as a separate subset
          if (printCommaForAttr) {
            s.append(", ");
          }
          s.append(HConstants.METADATA).append(" => ");
          s.append("{");
          boolean printCommaForCfg = false;
          for (Bytes k : userKeys) {
            String key = Bytes.toString(k.get());
            String value = Bytes.toStringBinary(values.get(k).get());
            if (printCommaForCfg) {
              s.append(", ");
            }
            printCommaForCfg = true;
            s.append('\'').append(key).append('\'');
            s.append(" => ");
            s.append('\'').append(PrettyPrinter.format(value, getUnit(key))).append('\'');
          }
          s.append("}");
        }

        s.append("}");
      }

      s.append("}"); // end METHOD
      return s;
    }

    /**
     * Compare the contents of the descriptor with another one passed as a parameter. Checks if the
     * obj passed is an instance of ModifyableTableDescriptor, if yes then the contents of the
     * descriptors are compared.
     * @param obj The object to compare
     * @return true if the contents of the the two descriptors exactly match
     * @see java.lang.Object#equals(java.lang.Object)
     */
    @Override
    public boolean equals(Object obj) {
      if (this == obj) {
        return true;
      }
      if (obj instanceof ModifyableTableDescriptor) {
        return TableDescriptor.COMPARATOR.compare(this, (ModifyableTableDescriptor) obj) == 0;
      }
      return false;
    }

    /** Returns hash code */
    @Override
    public int hashCode() {
      int result = this.name.hashCode();
      if (this.families.size() > 0) {
        for (ColumnFamilyDescriptor e : this.families.values()) {
          result ^= e.hashCode();
        }
      }
      result ^= values.hashCode();
      return result;
    }

    // Comparable
    /**
     * Compares the descriptor with another descriptor which is passed as a parameter. This compares
     * the content of the two descriptors and not the reference.
     * @param other The MTD to compare
     * @return 0 if the contents of the descriptors are exactly matching, 1 if there is a mismatch
     *         in the contents
     */
    @Override
    public int compareTo(final ModifyableTableDescriptor other) {
      return TableDescriptor.COMPARATOR.compare(this, other);
    }

    @Override
    public ColumnFamilyDescriptor[] getColumnFamilies() {
      return families.values().toArray(new ColumnFamilyDescriptor[families.size()]);
    }

    /**
     * Returns the configured replicas per region
     */
    @Override
    public int getRegionReplication() {
      return getOrDefault(REGION_REPLICATION_KEY, Integer::valueOf, DEFAULT_REGION_REPLICATION);
    }

    /**
     * Sets the number of replicas per region.
     * @param regionReplication the replication factor per region
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setRegionReplication(int regionReplication) {
      return setValue(REGION_REPLICATION_KEY, Integer.toString(regionReplication));
    }

    /** Returns true if the read-replicas memstore replication is enabled. */
    @Override
    public boolean hasRegionMemStoreReplication() {
      return getOrDefault(REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION_KEY, Boolean::valueOf,
        DEFAULT_REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION);
    }

    /**
     * Enable or Disable the memstore replication from the primary region to the replicas. The
     * replication will be used only for meta operations (e.g. flush, compaction, ...)
     * @param memstoreReplication true if the new data written to the primary region should be
     *                            replicated. false if the secondaries can tollerate to have new
     *                            data only when the primary flushes the memstore.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setRegionMemStoreReplication(boolean memstoreReplication) {
      return setValue(REGION_MEMSTORE_REPLICATION_KEY, Boolean.toString(memstoreReplication));
    }

    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setPriority(int priority) {
      return setValue(PRIORITY_KEY, Integer.toString(priority));
    }

    @Override
    public int getPriority() {
      return getOrDefault(PRIORITY_KEY, Integer::valueOf, DEFAULT_PRIORITY);
    }

    /**
     * Returns all the column family names of the current table. The map of TableDescriptor contains
     * mapping of family name to ColumnFamilyDescriptor. This returns all the keys of the family map
     * which represents the column family names of the table.
     * @return Immutable sorted set of the keys of the families.
     */
    @Override
    public Set<byte[]> getColumnFamilyNames() {
      return Collections.unmodifiableSet(this.families.keySet());
    }

    /**
     * Returns the ColumnFamilyDescriptor for a specific column family with name as specified by the
     * parameter column.
     * @param column Column family name
     * @return Column descriptor for the passed family name or the family on passed in column.
     */
    @Override
    public ColumnFamilyDescriptor getColumnFamily(final byte[] column) {
      return this.families.get(column);
    }

    /**
     * Removes the ColumnFamilyDescriptor with name specified by the parameter column from the table
     * descriptor
     * @param column Name of the column family to be removed.
     * @return Column descriptor for the passed family name or the family on passed in column.
     */
    public ColumnFamilyDescriptor removeColumnFamily(final byte[] column) {
      return this.families.remove(column);
    }

    /**
     * Add a table coprocessor to this table. The coprocessor type must be
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.RegionObserver or Endpoint. It won't check if the class
     * can be loaded or not. Whether a coprocessor is loadable or not will be determined when a
     * region is opened.
     * @param className Full class name.
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setCoprocessor(String className) throws IOException {
      return setCoprocessor(CoprocessorDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(className)
        .setPriority(Coprocessor.PRIORITY_USER).build());
    }

    /**
     * Add a table coprocessor to this table. The coprocessor type must be
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.RegionObserver or Endpoint. It won't check if the class
     * can be loaded or not. Whether a coprocessor is loadable or not will be determined when a
     * region is opened.
     * @throws IOException any illegal parameter key/value
     * @return the modifyable TD
     */
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setCoprocessor(CoprocessorDescriptor cp) throws IOException {
      checkHasCoprocessor(cp.getClassName());
      if (cp.getPriority() < 0) {
        throw new IOException(
          "Priority must be bigger than or equal with zero, current:" + cp.getPriority());
      }
      // Validate parameter kvs and then add key/values to kvString.
      StringBuilder kvString = new StringBuilder();
      for (Map.Entry<String, String> e : cp.getProperties().entrySet()) {
        if (!e.getKey().matches(CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_KEY_PATTERN)) {
          throw new IOException("Illegal parameter key = " + e.getKey());
        }
        if (!e.getValue().matches(CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_VALUE_PATTERN)) {
          throw new IOException("Illegal parameter (" + e.getKey() + ") value = " + e.getValue());
        }
        if (kvString.length() != 0) {
          kvString.append(',');
        }
        kvString.append(e.getKey());
        kvString.append('=');
        kvString.append(e.getValue());
      }

      String value = cp.getJarPath().orElse("") + "|" + cp.getClassName() + "|"
        + Integer.toString(cp.getPriority()) + "|" + kvString.toString();
      return setCoprocessorToMap(value);
    }

    /**
     * Add a table coprocessor to this table. The coprocessor type must be
     * org.apache.hadoop.hbase.coprocessor.RegionObserver or Endpoint. It won't check if the class
     * can be loaded or not. Whether a coprocessor is loadable or not will be determined when a
     * region is opened.
     * @param specStr The Coprocessor specification all in in one String
     * @return the modifyable TD
     * @deprecated used by HTableDescriptor and admin.rb. As of release 2.0.0, this will be removed
     *             in HBase 3.0.0.
     */
    @Deprecated
    public ModifyableTableDescriptor setCoprocessorWithSpec(final String specStr)
      throws IOException {
      CoprocessorDescriptor cpDesc =
        toCoprocessorDescriptor(specStr).orElseThrow(() -> new IllegalArgumentException(
          "Format does not match " + CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PATTERN + ": " + specStr));
      checkHasCoprocessor(cpDesc.getClassName());
      return setCoprocessorToMap(specStr);
    }

    private void checkHasCoprocessor(final String className) throws IOException {
      if (hasCoprocessor(className)) {
        throw new IOException("Coprocessor " + className + " already exists.");
      }
    }

    /**
     * Add coprocessor to values Map
     * @param specStr The Coprocessor specification all in in one String
     * @return Returns <code>this</code>
     */
    private ModifyableTableDescriptor setCoprocessorToMap(final String specStr) {
      if (specStr == null) {
        return this;
      }
      // generate a coprocessor key
      int maxCoprocessorNumber = 0;
      Matcher keyMatcher;
      for (Map.Entry<Bytes, Bytes> e : this.values.entrySet()) {
        keyMatcher = CP_HTD_ATTR_KEY_PATTERN.matcher(Bytes.toString(e.getKey().get()));
        if (!keyMatcher.matches()) {
          continue;
        }
        maxCoprocessorNumber =
          Math.max(Integer.parseInt(keyMatcher.group(1)), maxCoprocessorNumber);
      }
      maxCoprocessorNumber++;
      String key = "coprocessor$" + Integer.toString(maxCoprocessorNumber);
      return setValue(new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(key)), new Bytes(Bytes.toBytes(specStr)));
    }

    /**
     * Check if the table has an attached co-processor represented by the name className
     * @param classNameToMatch - Class name of the co-processor
     * @return true of the table has a co-processor className
     */
    @Override
    public boolean hasCoprocessor(String classNameToMatch) {
      return getCoprocessorDescriptors().stream()
        .anyMatch(cp -> cp.getClassName().equals(classNameToMatch));
    }

    /**
     * Return the list of attached co-processor represented by their name className
     * @return The list of co-processors classNames
     */
    @Override
    public List<CoprocessorDescriptor> getCoprocessorDescriptors() {
      List<CoprocessorDescriptor> result = new ArrayList<>();
      for (Map.Entry<Bytes, Bytes> e : getValues().entrySet()) {
        String key = Bytes.toString(e.getKey().get()).trim();
        if (CP_HTD_ATTR_KEY_PATTERN.matcher(key).matches()) {
          toCoprocessorDescriptor(Bytes.toString(e.getValue().get()).trim()).ifPresent(result::add);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Remove a coprocessor from those set on the table
     * @param className Class name of the co-processor
     */
    public void removeCoprocessor(String className) {
      Bytes match = null;
      Matcher keyMatcher;
      Matcher valueMatcher;
      for (Map.Entry<Bytes, Bytes> e : this.values.entrySet()) {
        keyMatcher = CP_HTD_ATTR_KEY_PATTERN.matcher(Bytes.toString(e.getKey().get()));
        if (!keyMatcher.matches()) {
          continue;
        }
        valueMatcher = CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PATTERN.matcher(Bytes.toString(e.getValue().get()));
        if (!valueMatcher.matches()) {
          continue;
        }
        // get className and compare
        String clazz = valueMatcher.group(2).trim(); // classname is the 2nd field
        // remove the CP if it is present
        if (clazz.equals(className.trim())) {
          match = e.getKey();
          break;
        }
      }
      // if we found a match, remove it
      if (match != null) {
        ModifyableTableDescriptor.this.removeValue(match);
      } else {
        throw new IllegalArgumentException(String.format(
          "coprocessor with class name %s was not found in the table attribute", className));
      }
    }

    /** Returns the bytes in pb format */
    private byte[] toByteArray() {
      return ProtobufUtil.prependPBMagic(ProtobufUtil.toTableSchema(this).toByteArray());
    }

    /**
     * @param bytes A pb serialized {@link ModifyableTableDescriptor} instance with pb magic prefix
     * @return An instance of {@link ModifyableTableDescriptor} made from <code>bytes</code>
     * @see #toByteArray()
     */
    private static TableDescriptor parseFrom(final byte[] bytes) throws DeserializationException {
      if (!ProtobufUtil.isPBMagicPrefix(bytes)) {
        throw new DeserializationException("Expected PB encoded ModifyableTableDescriptor");
      }
      int pblen = ProtobufUtil.lengthOfPBMagic();
      HBaseProtos.TableSchema.Builder builder = HBaseProtos.TableSchema.newBuilder();
      try {
        ProtobufUtil.mergeFrom(builder, bytes, pblen, bytes.length - pblen);
        return ProtobufUtil.toTableDescriptor(builder.build());
      } catch (IOException e) {
        throw new DeserializationException(e);
      }
    }

    @Override
    public int getColumnFamilyCount() {
      return families.size();
    }

    @Override
    public Optional<String> getRegionServerGroup() {
      Bytes value = values.get(RSGROUP_KEY);
      if (value != null) {
        return Optional.of(Bytes.toString(value.get(), value.getOffset(), value.getLength()));
      } else {
        return Optional.empty();
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * This method is mostly intended for internal use. However, it it also relied on by hbase-shell
   * for backwards compatibility.
   */
  private static Optional<CoprocessorDescriptor> toCoprocessorDescriptor(String spec) {
    Matcher matcher = CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PATTERN.matcher(spec);
    if (matcher.matches()) {
      // jar file path can be empty if the cp class can be loaded
      // from class loader.
      String path = matcher.group(1).trim().isEmpty() ? null : matcher.group(1).trim();
      String className = matcher.group(2).trim();
      if (className.isEmpty()) {
        return Optional.empty();
      }
      String priorityStr = matcher.group(3).trim();
      int priority =
        priorityStr.isEmpty() ? Coprocessor.PRIORITY_USER : Integer.parseInt(priorityStr);
      String cfgSpec = null;
      try {
        cfgSpec = matcher.group(4);
      } catch (IndexOutOfBoundsException ex) {
        // ignore
      }
      Map<String, String> ourConf = new TreeMap<>();
      if (cfgSpec != null && !cfgSpec.trim().equals("|")) {
        cfgSpec = cfgSpec.substring(cfgSpec.indexOf('|') + 1);
        Matcher m = CP_HTD_ATTR_VALUE_PARAM_PATTERN.matcher(cfgSpec);
        while (m.find()) {
          ourConf.put(m.group(1), m.group(2));
        }
      }
      return Optional.of(CoprocessorDescriptorBuilder.newBuilder(className).setJarPath(path)
        .setPriority(priority).setProperties(ourConf).build());
    }
    return Optional.empty();
  }
}